# Computers and Processors

Source: https://wisconsin.twango.dev/sp25-cs252/reference/computers-and-processors

# Computers and Processors

## Computers

Comprised of the following components:

- **Central Processing Unit (CPU)**: The brain of the computer that performs arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in the program.
- **Memory**: Stores data and instructions that the CPU needs to execute programs.
- **Input/Output (I/O) Devices**: Allow the computer to interact with the external world, such as keyboards, monitors, and printers.
- **Storage Devices**: Store data and programs when they are not in use.
- **Motherboard**: Connects all the components of the computer together.
- **Power Supply**: Supplies power to the computer components.
- **Cooling System**: Prevents the computer from overheating.

## Processors

- **Control Unit (CU)**: Manages the execution of instructions and controls the flow of data within the CPU.
- **Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)**: Performs arithmetic and logical operations on data.
- **Registers**: Small, high-speed storage locations within the CPU that temporarily hold data and instructions.
- **Cache Memory**: High-speed memory that stores frequently accessed data and instructions to speed up processing.
- **Clock**: Synchronizes the operations of the CPU and other components of the computer.
- **Instruction Set**: The set of instructions that the CPU can execute.

Related: [[lectures/lecture-02]], [[lectures/lecture-03]], [[lectures/lecture-04]], [[lectures/lecture-05]]

## Source

Original retained in wisconsin-legacy.