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In Vitro Neurons Learn and Exhibit Sentience When Embodied in a Simulated Game-World In Vitro Neurons Learn and Exhibit Sentience When Embodied in a Simulated Game-World
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Correspondence
In brief
Highlights
Article
In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world
SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS
Growth of neuronal ‘‘wetware’’ for computation
Neural cells show well-characterized spontaneous action potentials that develop over time
Building a modular, real-time platform to harness neuronal computation
Increasing the density of sensory information input leads to increased performance
BNNs learn over time when embodied in a gamepla environment
Learning effects in BNNs are observed across additional measures
BNNs require feedback for learning
Dynamics in electrophysiological activity display coherent connectivity
Figure 6. The importance of feedback in learning
Electrophysiological activity is linked with higher average rally length
DISCUSSION
Conclusion
STAR+METHODS
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
DECLARATION OF INTERESTS
INCLUSION AND DIVERSITY
References
STAR+METHODS
KEY RESOURCES TABLE
RESOURCE AVAILABILITY
Lead contact
Materials availability
Data and code availability
Data
EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND SUBJECT DETAILS
Ethics statement
Animal breeding and maintenance
Stem cell lines
Stem cell growth and maintenance
METHOD DETAILS
Primary cell culturing
Stem cell dual SMAD differentiation
Stem cell NGN2 direct differentiation
HEK293T cell culturing
MEA setup and preparation
Plating and maintaining cells on MEA
Measuring of electrophysiological activity
DishBrain software platform
Representation of the gameplay environment
Interface with Maxwell API
Initial pilot testing
Pilot test with EXP3 algorithm
Input configuration
Sensory stimulus
Unpredictable stimulus
Predictable stimulus
Silent feedback
No feedback
Output configuration
QUANTIFICATION AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Sample size and blinding protocols
Immunocytochemistry
Scanning electron microscopy
Widefield fluorescence microscopy
Data analysis
Calculation of information entropy
Calculation of functional plasticity
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES