Webservers
IP Addresses
An IP address is a unique identifier for a device on a network.
There are specific ranges of IP addresses that are reserved for private networks. These addresses are not routable on the public internet and are used for internal communication within a local network.
| Address Block | CIDR Notation | Default Subnet Mask | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 | /8 | 255.0.0.0 | Class A private network (≈16 M hosts) |
| 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 | /12 | 255.240.0.0 | Class B private network (about 1 M addresses) |
| 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 | /16 | 255.255.0.0 | Class C private network (about 65 K addresses) |
Loopback Address
The loopback address is a special IP address that is used to test network applications on the local machine. It is typically represented as 127.0.0.1, and is also known as localhost. When a program sends data to this address, it is sent back to the same machine, allowing developers to test network applications without needing a physical network connection.
Ports
A port is a logical connection point for network communication. It is used to identify a specific process or service on a device. Ports are represented as 16-bit unsigned integers, ranging from 0 to 65535.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
HTTP is the protocol used for transferring data over the web. It is a request-response protocol, where a client (usually a web browser) sends a request to a server, and the server responds with the requested data.
By default, HTTP uses port 80 for communication. However, HTTPS (HTTP Secure) uses port 443, which adds a layer of security by encrypting the data being transferred.
Connections
Obvious technical and formatting errors repaired.