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Chapter 5: Human Populations Chapter 5: Human Populations
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Bangladesh’s Lessons for Environmental Scientists
Central Question
5.1-5.3 Science
5.1 Human population density varies significantly across Earth
population doubling
Think About It
5.2 The global population will grow into the middle of this century
Think About It
THREE VIEWS OF GLOBAL POPULATION GROWTH
HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH
5.3 The age structure of a population gives clues to its growth or decline
Contrasting Population Trends
CONTRASTING POPULATION AGE STRUCTURES
THREE PATTERNS OF POPULATION CHANGE
U.S. AGE STRUCTURE DOES NOT PREDICT CURRENT POPULATION TRENDS
UNITED STATES
Population Trends in the United States
Think About It
5.1-5.3 Science: Summary
population momentum
5.4–5.7 Issues
5.4 Fertility ranges greatly among countries and regions
Think About It
life expectancy at birth
5.5 Development varies widely among countries
Measuring the Health and Well-Being of Populations
Think About It
5.6 Population growth and development generally increase environmental impact
The Ecological Footprint and Development
SOME REGIONS HAVE DISPROPORTIONATELY LARGE ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTS
Think About It
5.7 Developmental differences between populations create migration pressures
Migration and Population Dynamics
Think About It
IMMIGRANTS USUALLY GO TO AREAS OF BETTER ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
IMMIGRATION: A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE IN MANY COUNTRIES
5.4–5.7 Issues: Summary
5.8-5.10 Solutions
5.8 Most nations have national policies aimed at managing population growth
The Historical Norm: High Fertility Rates
Access to Contraceptives and Birth Rates
India: A Pioneer in Population Policy
China’s One-Child Family Policy
The Missing Daughters
Global Trends in Fertility
Think About It
THE FOUR STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
5.9 Human development is associated with lower fertility and reduced emigration
demographic transition
COSTA RICA IS IN THE MIDST OF RAPID DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE
DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION: COSTA RICA
Educating and Empowering Women
Easing Migration Pressures
DEVELOPMENT IN INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES CORRELATES WITH REDUCED FERTILITY
Think About It
5.10 The challenge: Achieve high development and sustainable resource use
The Challenge
Think About It
5.8-5.10 Solutions: Summary
Central Question: How can we achieve sustainable human populations?
5.1–5.3 Science
5.4–5.7 Issues
The Human Population and You
☐ Keep informed about the rapid pace of change.
☐ Support international educational programs.
☐ Support developmental initiatives.
☐ Make commitments in your personal life.
5.8–5.10 Solutions
Answer the Central Question:
Chapter 5
Review Questions
Critical Analysis