fa26-soilsci101 soilsci101
Chapter 11: Environmental Health, Risk, and Toxicology Chapter 11: Environmental Health, Risk, and Toxicology
Content locked
The catalog is public. Reading this content requires approved access.
Sign in to readChapter 11: Environmental Health, Risk, and Toxicology
Chemical Spill on the Elk River
Central Question
11.1-11.2 Science
environmental hazards
11.1 Chemical hazards include toxic substances and pollutants
Natural and Manmade Toxic Substances
How Toxic Substances Affect the Human Body
How Toxic Substances Interact
Think About It
11.2 Bacteria, viruses, and parasites are spread through the environment
ARTISTIC REPRESENTATION OF THE “BLACK PLAGUE”
Bacterial Disease
BACTERIA: SIMPLE IN STRUCTURE AND SIMULTANEOUSLY ESSENTIAL AND HAZARDOUS TO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Parasitic Diseases
Transmission of Pathogens
THE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM, THE PARASITE THAT CAUSES MALARIA
Think About It
11.1-11.2 Science: Summary
11.3–11.6 Issues
11.3 Toxic substances move through the environment and can accumulate in large concentrations
Think About It
11.4 Exposure to endocrine disruptors can affect the health of humans and other organisms
biomagnification An
Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment
⚠ Think About It
11.5 Misuse and overuse have promoted resistance to antibiotics and insecticides
CONDITIONS FAVORING DISEASE TRANSMISSION
Industrial Meat Production and Antibiotic Resistance
Think About It
ANTIBIOTICS USED FOR MEAT PRODUCTION VERSUS TREATING HUMAN DISEASES
11.6 Infectious diseases spill over from wild species and continue evolving to evade our defenses
Ebola, Deforestation, and Bushmeat
Evolution Challenges Efforts to Control Malaria
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF MALARIA IN 2011
Think About It
11.3-11.6 Issues: Summary
0
11.7-11.9 Solutions
11.7 We assess risk both qualitatively and quantitatively
Risk Assessment Practices
dose-response
DOSE-RESPONSE CURVES
Assessment in Action
Precautionary Approach Revisited
The Exposome
Think About It
11.8 Risk management involves reducing environmental hazards and controlling disease
Diarrheal Diseases
Ending the Bushmeat Trade
Malaria Control
Tuberculosis
Think About It
11.9 Evolutionary biology can help manage antibiotic and insecticide resistance
Prevention and Appropriate Treatment
Lower Antibiotic Use in Livestock Production
Surveillance Is Essential for Managing Resistance
Diversifying Chemical Treatments
Think About It
11.7-11.9 Solutions: Summary
Central Question: What is the relationship between the environment and human health and how can we manage that relationship?
11.1–11.2 Science
11.3–11.6 Issues
Environmental Health, Risk, Toxicology, and You
Keep up to date.
Apply your knowledge.
Stay involved.
11.7–11.9 Solutions
Answer the Central Question:
Chapter 11
Review Questions
1. What is environmental health?
2. Which of the following interactions between two toxic substances results in a level of toxicity much greater than the sum of their individual toxicities?
3. Approximately what percentage of the cells in your body are human?
4. Which of the following classes of toxic substances are most likely to show bioaccumulation?
5. Why are endocrine disruptors an especially serious class of toxic substances?
6. Which of the following conditions contributes to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in bacteria populations?
7. What is the meaning of an LD_{50} in a dose-response test?
8. Why are access to sanitation and clean water serious environmental issues?
10. How much has decreased use of antibiotics and more attention to prevention of disease increased the cost of livestock production in Denmark?
Critical Analysis
Central Question: How can we reduce the environmental impact of solid waste and dispose of hazardous waste safely?