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Chapter 8: Sustaining Aquatic Resources Chapter 8: Sustaining Aquatic Resources
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A Tale of Overharvesting and Fishery Collapse
“If the oceans don’t make it, neither will we.”
Central Question
8.1-8.3 Science
commercial fishing
8.1 Commercial fish populations are heavily harvested and actively managed
Types of Fishing
Fisheries Management
Think About It
small-scale fishers
industrial fishermen
sport (recreational) fishing
8.2 Nutrient availability influences primary production in marine environments
Light, Nutrients, and Primary Production
The Phosphorus Cycle
Global Patterns in Production
ATP (adenosine
THE PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
KEY PROCESSES
1 WEATHERING
2 TRANSPORT and DEPOSITION
3 UPTAKE
4 CONSUMPTION
5 DECOMPOSITION
6 SEDIMENTATION and UPLIFT
Think About It
8.3 El Niño and other large-scale climatic systems affect fisheries
Think About It
8.1-8.3 Science: Summary
8.4–8.6 Issues
8.4 Tragedy of the Commons: Intensive harvesting has resulted in overexploitation of many commercially important marine populations
Depletion of Whale Populations
An Ecosystem Upturned: Atlantic Cod
ALTERED MARINE FOOD WEB OFF NOVA SCOTIA
Fisheries Collapse: A Global Problem
COLLAPSE OF TWO FISHERIES
Remaining Uncertainty
Think About It
8.5 Dams and river regulation have decimated migratory fish populations
The Columbia River
A FREE-FLOWING RIVER NO MORE
The Klamath River
Mekong River Dam
Think About It
8.6 Aquaculture can pollute aquatic environments and threaten wild fish populations
Problems with Cultured Fish and Shellfish
AQUACULTURE YIELDS A DIVERSITY OF VALUABLE CROPS
Water Pollution
Clearing Mangrove Forests
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POND CULTURE OF SHRIMP IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Disease and Parasite Transfer to Wild Fish
Feed for Aquaculture and Wild Fish Populations
⚠ Think About It
8.4–8.6 Issues: Summary
8.7-8.10 Solutions
8.7 Saving global fish stocks requires careful management and strong incentives
Moratorium on Whaling
SUCCESSFUL WHALE POPULATION RECOVERY
Fishing Restrictions
RESPONSE OF POPULATIONS OF LARGE FISH TO REDUCED FISHING MORTALITY FROM BYCATCH
Atlantic Cod Recovery
STUDYING THE SALMON POPULATIONS MAKING UP THE BRISTOL BAY, ALASKA, FISHERY
Think About It
8.8 Biodiversity contributes to the productivity and stability of fisheries
Biodiversity and Bristol Bay Sockeye Salmon
ecosystem-based
Marine Reserves Can Benefit Fish and Fishers
BIODIVERSITY AND THE BRISTOL BAY SALMON FISHERY
HISTORY OF SOCKEYE SALMON CATCHES IN THREE MAJOR FISHING AREAS OF BRISTOL BAY
MARINE PROTECTED AREAS OF THE UNITED STATES
Think About It
8.9 River restoration may be a key to restoring decimated salmon populations
Dam Removal and Restoration of Salmon Populations
RAPID INCREASE AND AWARENESS OF RIVER RESTORATION
REMOVAL OF MARMOT DAM ON THE SANDY RIVER, OREGON
Klamath River Dam Removal
Think About It
8.10 Aquaculture can provide high-quality protein with low environmental impact
Reducing Pollution by Aquaculture
Aquaculture Wastes and Constructed Wetlands
Shrimp Farming and Mangrove Conservation
Reducing the Impact of Sea Lice
constructed wetlands
A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND RECLAIMS A HISTORICAL TREASURE IN HANGZHOU, CHINA
Decreasing the Use of Fish Meal
Think About It
8.7-8.10 Solutions: Summary
Central Question: Can we sustainably manage fisheries and aquaculture?
8.1–8.3 Science
8.4–8.6 Issues
Aquatic Resources and You
Keep informed.
Buy and consume sustainably managed aquatic resources.
Speak up!
8.7–8.10 Solutions
Answer the Central Question:
Chapter 8
Review Questions
Critical Analysis