fa25-anthro105 anthro105
Lecture 9: Primate Diversity and Adaptations Lecture 9: Primate Diversity and Adaptations
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Important Announcement
This Lecture - Recorded on Canvas
Week 6 (Oct. 6-10)
Natural Selection Review
Natural Selection and Behavior: Soapberry Bugs
How Behavioral Flexibility Evolves
Constraints on Adaptation Recap
2. Genetic Drift
Forces of Evolution Summary
Why Do We Study Primates?
Reason 1: Humans ARE Primates
Reason 2: Primates Are Incredibly Diverse
Body Size
Habitat
Diet
Activity Patterns
Reason 3: Comparative Studies
What Is a Primate?
The Diversity Challenge
Primate Characteristics
Anatomical Features
1. Grasping Hands and Feet
2. Nails Instead of Claws
3. Reduced Olfaction (Sense of Smell)
4. Enhanced Vision
5. Eyes Encased in Bone
6. Dental Formula
Life History Features
7. Relatively Large Brain
8. Long Gestation (Pregnancy)
9. Small Litters
10. Long Juvenile Period
11. Long Lifespan
12. Increased Dependence on Learning and Behavioral Flexibility
Geographic Distribution
Where Can We Find Nonhuman Primates?
Primate Phylogeny and Taxonomy
Primate Diversity by Numbers
Major Divisions
Suborder 1: Strepsirrhini
Defining Characteristics
Infraorder 1: Lemuriformes (Lemurs)
Distribution and Evolution
Examples
Infraorder 2: Lorisiformes (Lorises and Galagos)
Geographic Distribution
Characteristics
Two Main Groups
Suborder 2: Haplorrhini
Infraorder 1: Tarsiiformes (Tarsiers)
Geographic Distribution
Characteristics
Unique Features
Infraorder 2: Simiiformes (Anthropoids)
Parvorder 1: Platyrrhines (New World Monkeys)
Geographic Distribution
Characteristics
Morphology
Dentition
Examples
Parvorder 2: Catarrhines (Old World Primates)
Geographic Distribution
Characteristics
Superfamily 1: Cercopithecoidea (Old World Monkeys)
Two Subfamilies
Superfamily 2: Hominoidea (Apes and Humans)
Defining Characteristics
Family 1: Hylobatidae (“Small Apes”)
Family 2: Hominidae (“Great Apes” and Humans)
Primate Phylogeny Summary
The Complete Tree
Timeline
Key Primate Groups Comparison
Understanding Primate Diversity Through Evolution
Adaptive Radiation Example: Lemurs
Convergent Evolution in Primates
Connections to Course Themes
Evolution and Natural Selection
Comparative Method
Key Takeaways